Ungalikhetha kanjani ithuluzi lokusika

 

Isikhundla esibalulekile sokuthi ithuluzi lokusika ukukhethwa ekwenzeni imishini siyabonakala. Ukufunda ukukhetha ithuluzi lokusika kungakusiza ukuthi usebenze kalula. Kufanele unake amaphuzu abalulekile ayishumi nane okukhethwa kwamathuluzi!

 

1. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekucubunguleni ithuluzi lokusika

Lapho noma iliphi ithuluzi lokusika liyeka ukusebenza, kusho ukuthi ukukhiqiza kumile. Kodwa akusho ukuthi wonke amathuluzi anesimo esifanayo esibalulekile. Ithuluzi elinesikhathi eside kakhulu linomthelela

omkhulu emjikelezweni wokukhiqiza, ngakho ngaphansi kwesisekelo esifanayo, leli thuluzi kufanele linakwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe amathuluzi anezidingo eziqine kakhulu

zokwakha izingxenye eziyinhloko kanye nokubekezelela komshini. Ukwengeza, amathuluzi anokulawulwa kwe-chip okungalungile, njengama-drill, amathuluzi okugaya, namathuluzi okuthunga, kufanele futhi anakwe.

Ukulawulwa kwe-chip okungalungile kungabangela ukungasebenzi.

 
2. Fanisa nethuluzi lomshini

Kukhona ithuluzi lokusika elisesandleni sokudla nesobunxele, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha ithuluzi lokusika elilungile. Ngokuvamile, amathuluzi okusika angakwesokudla afanele amathuluzi omshini azungeza ngokuphambene newashi (CCW) (abukwe ku-eksisi eyinhloko); isandla sobunxele cutting tools zilungele amathuluzi omshini azungeza njengokuhamba kwewashi (CW). Uma unezintambo ezimbalwa, ezinye zibamba amathuluzi okusika kwesokunxele, kanti amanye ahambisana nesandla sokunxele nesokudla, sicela ukhethe amathuluzi okusika kwesokunxele. Ngokugaya, abantu ngokuvamile bavame ukukhetha amathuluzi ahlukahlukene. Nokho, nakuba lolu hlobo lwethuluzi luhlanganisa uhla olukhudlwana lokucubungula, luphinde lukwenze ulahlekelwe ngokushesha ukuqina kwethuluzi, lwandise ukuchezuka kwethuluzi, lwehlise imingcele yokusika, futhi lubangele kalula ukudlidliza kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhohlisi wethuluzi lomshini wokushintsha ithuluzi unemikhawulo kusayizi nesisindo sethuluzi. Uma uthenga ithuluzi lomshini elipholisa ngembobo ephothiweyo ku-spindle, sicela futhi ukhethe ithuluzi elinokupholisa ngembobo ku-spindle.

 

3. Fanisa nokokusebenza okucutshunguliwe

Insimbi ye-Carbon iyinto evame kakhulu ukucutshungulwa emshinini, ngakho-ke amathuluzi amaningi asekelwe ekwakhiweni kokucubungula kwensimbi ye-carbon elungiselelwe. Ibanga le-blade kufanele likhethwe ngokuya ngezinto okufanele zicutshungulwe. Ithuluzi lokusika abakhiqizi bahlinzeka ngochungechunge lwesibambi samathuluzi nokufaka okufanayo ukuze kucutshungulwe izinto ezingezona ayoni njengama-alloys ashisa kakhulu, ama-titanium alloys, i-aluminium, izinto eziyinhlanganisela, amapulasitiki nezinsimbi ezingenasici. Uma udinga ukucubungula izinto ezibalwe ngenhla, sicela ukhethe ithuluzi lokusika elihambisana nempahla. Imikhiqizo eminingi inochungechunge oluhlukahlukene lwamathuluzi okusika, okubonisa ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezifanele ukucutshungulwa. Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-3PP lwe-DaElement lusetshenziswa kakhulu ukucubungula i-aluminium alloy, uchungechunge lwe-86P lusetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukucubungula insimbi engagqwali, futhi uchungechunge lwe-6P lusetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukucubungula insimbi eqinile.

 

4 . Ukucaciswa kwethuluzi lokusika

Iphutha elivamile ukuthi usayizi we-ithuluzi lokuguqula ekhethiwe mncane kakhulu futhi usayizi we-milling cutter mkhulu kakhulu. Amathuluzi okujika anosayizi omkhulu anokuqina okungcono; abasiki bokugaya abakhulu ababizi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi bathatha isikhathi eside ukusika. Ngokuvamile, intengo yamathuluzi anosayizi omkhulu iphezulu kunaleyo yamathuluzi anosayizi omncane.

 

 

5. Khetha phakathi kohlobo lokufaka olushintshekayo noma ithuluzi lohlobo lokugaya kabusha

Isimiso okufanele usilandele silula: zama ukugwema amathuluzi okugaya. Ngaphandle kwezingcezu ezimbalwa zokubhoboza kanye nezisiki zokugaya ubuso, uma izimo zivuma, zama ukukhetha uhlobo lokufaka olushintshekayo noma amathuluzi ohlobo lwekhanda angashintshwa. Lokhu kuzokongela izindleko zomsebenzi ngenkathi uthola imiphumela ezinzile yokucubungula.

 
6. Amathuluzi okusika kanye namabanga

Ukukhethwa kwethuluzi kanye nebanga kuhlobene eduze nokusebenza kwento ecutshungulwayo, isivinini esikhulu kanye nezinga lokuphakela kwethuluzi lomshini. Khetha amamaki amathuluzi ajwayelekile eqembu lezinto ezizocutshungulwa, ngokuvamile ahlanganisa amamaki e-alloy. Bheka "Ishadi Lezincomo Zesicelo Sebanga" elinikezwe umphakeli wamathuluzi okusika. Ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo, iphutha elivamile ukufaka amamaki ezinto ezifanayo zabanye abakhiqizi bamathuluzi okusika ukuzama ukuxazulula inkinga yempilo yamathuluzi. Uma ithuluzi lakho elikhona lingalungile, khona-ke ukushintshela kumkhiqizo womunye umkhiqizi oseduze nalo kungenzeka kulethe imiphumela efanayo. Ukuxazulula inkinga, imbangela yokwehluleka kwamathuluzi kufanele kucaciswe.

 

7. Izidingo zamandla

Isimiso esiyisiqondiso ukusebenzisa yonke into ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Uma uthenge umshini wokugaya ngamandla we-20hp, ngakho-ke, uma umsebenzi wokusebenza kanye ne-fixture ukuvumela, khetha ithuluzi elifanele lokusika kanye nemingcele yokucubungula ukuze ikwazi ukufeza u-80% wamandla wethuluzi lomshini. Naka ngokukhethekile amandla/i-tachometer kubhukwana lomsebenzisi wethuluzi lomshini, bese ukhetha i-ithuluzi lokusika engafinyelela izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusika ezingcono ngokuya ngebanga lamandla elisebenzayo lamandla omshini.

 

8. Inombolo yamaphethelo

Umgomo uthi, kuba ngcono kakhulu. Ukuthenga ithuluzi elijikayo eliphindwe kabili konqenqema akusho ukukhokha kabili izindleko. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, imiklamo ethuthukisiwe iphindaphinde kabili inani lemiphetho yokusika yamathuluzi okugaya, amathuluzi okusika, nokunye milling inserts. Akuvamile ukushintsha i-milling cutter yokuqala nge-4 kuphela imiphetho yokusika enama-milling cutters athuthukisiwe ane-16 cutting edge inserts. Ukwenyuka kwenani lamaphethelo asebenzayo nakho kuthinta ngqo okuphakelayo kwetafula kanye nokukhiqiza.

 

9. Khetha ithuluzi elibalulekile noma ithuluzi le-modular

Abasiki besayizi abancane bafaneleka kakhulu kumklamo wonkana; abasiki besayizi abakhulu bafaneleka kakhulu kumklamo we-modular. Ngamathuluzi efomethi enkulu, lapho ithuluzi lehluleka, abasebenzisi bavame ukuba nethemba lokuthola kabusha ithuluzi elisha ngokushintsha izingxenye ezincane nezingabizi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumathuluzi okugaya futhi ayisicefe.

 

10. Khetha ithuluzi elilodwa noma ithuluzi elinemisebenzi eminingi

Uma ingxenye encane, ithuluzi elihlanganisiwe lifaneleka kakhulu. Isibonelo, ithuluzi elisebenza ngezinto eziningi lingahlanganisa ukubhoboza, ukujika, ukucutshungulwa kwembobo yangaphakathi, ukucubungula intambo kanye ne-chamfering. Yiqiniso, uma i-workpiece iyinkimbinkimbi, ifaneleka kakhulu kumathuluzi emisebenzi eminingi. Ithuluzi lomshini lingakulethela izinzuzo kuphela uma lisika, hhayi uma liphansi.

 
11. Khetha amathuluzi ajwayelekile noma amathuluzi akhethekile angajwayelekile

Ngokuduma kwezikhungo zomshini ze-CNC (CNC), ngokuvamile kunenkolelo yokuthi ukwakheka kwendawo yokusebenza kungabonakala ngohlelo esikhundleni sokuncika emathuluzini okusika. Ngakho-ke, amathuluzi akhethekile angajwayelekile awasadingeki. Eqinisweni, amathuluzi angewona ajwayelekile asabala u-15% wesamba sokuthengiswa kwamathuluzi namuhla. ngani? Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi akhethekile kungahlangabezana nezidingo zosayizi oqondile we-workpiece, ukunciphisa izinqubo futhi kufinyeze umjikelezo wokucubungula. Ngokukhiqiza ngobuningi, amathuluzi akhethekile angajwayelekile angafinyeza umjikelezo wokucubungula futhi ehlise izindleko.

 
12. Chip control

Khumbula, umgomo wakho uwumshini womsebenzi esikhundleni sama-chips, kodwa ama-chips angabonisa ngokucacile isimo sokusika sethuluzi. Ngokuvamile, abantu banokubandlulula mayelana nama-chips, ngoba abantu abaningi abakutholanga ukuqeqeshwa ukuhumusha ama-chips. Khumbula isimiso esilandelayo: ama-chips amahle ngeke acekele phansi ukucutshungulwa, ama-chips amabi ahlukile nje.

Okufakwayo kuklanywe kakhulu ngama-chipbreaker, futhi ama-chipbreaker aklanywe ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokuphakelayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umshini wokusika omncane noma osindayo. ukusika imishini enzima.

I-chip encane, kuba nzima ukuphuka. Ezintweni zomshini onzima, ukulawulwa kwe-chip kuyinkinga enkulu. Nakuba izinto ezizocutshungulwa azikwazi ukushintshwa, ithuluzi lokusika lingabuyekezwa, futhi isivinini sokusika, izinga lokuphakelayo, ukujula kokusika, i-radius yekona yethiphu yethuluzi nokunye kungalungiswa. Ukuthuthukisa ama-chips kanye nokwenza kahle imishini kuwumphumela wokukhetha okuphelele.

 
13. Programming

Ebusweni bamathuluzi, izingcezu zokusebenza kanye nemishini yokwenza imishini ye-CNC, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuchaza izindlela zamathuluzi. Isimo esikahle ukuqonda ikhodi yomshini eyisisekelo futhi ube nephakheji yesofthiwe ye-CAM ethuthukisiwe. Indlela yamathuluzi okusika kufanele icabangele izici zamathuluzi, njenge-engeli yokugaya, isiqondiso sokuzungezisa, okuphakelayo, isivinini sokusika, njll. Ithuluzi ngalinye linobuchwepheshe bokuhlela obuhambisanayo ukuze kufinyezwe umjikelezo wokucubungula, ukuthuthukisa i-chip, nokunciphisa amandla okusika. . Iphakheji yesofthiwe ye-CAM enhle ingasindisa abasebenzi futhi ikhulise umkhiqizo.

 
14. Khetha amathuluzi amasha noma amathuluzi avamile akhulile

Ngejubane lamanje lokuthuthuka lobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, ukukhiqiza kwe-amathuluzi okusika kungaphindeka kabili njalo eminyakeni eyi-10. Ukuqhathanisa imingcele yokusika yamathuluzi anconywe eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, uzothola ukuthi amathuluzi anamuhla angakwazi kabili ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, kodwa amandla okusika ancishiswe ngo-30%. I-matrix ye-alloy yamathuluzi entsha inamandla futhi iqinile, ivumela isivinini sokusika esiphezulu namandla okusika aphansi. Ama-chipbreaker namamaki awacacisi kangako kuhlelo lokusebenza futhi anokuguquguquka okubanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, amathuluzi esimanje nawo andise ukuguquguquka kanye nokuguquguquka, okuthi uma kuhlangene kunciphise i-inventory futhi andise izinhlelo zokusebenza zamathuluzi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi okusika kuphinde kwaqhuba imiqondo emisha yokwakhiwa komkhiqizo kanye nokucubungula, njengabasiki be-overlord abanakho kokubili ukujika nokujika, abasiki be-feed milling, imishini enesivinini esikhulu, imishini yokupholisa i-micro-lubrication (MQL), kanye nobuchwepheshe bokujika kanzima. . Ngokusekelwe ezicini ezingenhla nezinye izizathu, udinga futhi ukulandelela indlela yokucubungula ekhethwa kakhulu futhi ufunde mayelana nobuchwepheshe bakamuva bamathuluzi, ngaphandle kwalokho uzoba sengozini yokusalela emuva.