What are the main functions of the five basic angles of turning tool

The Angle of turning tool mainly includes: front Angle, rear Angle, main Angle, side Angle and edge Angle.

1. Front Angle

Angle between front cutter surface and base surface. The size of the rake Angle affects the sharpness and strength of the cutting edge. Increasing the rake Angle can make the edge sharp, reduce the cutting force and cutting temperature, but too large rake Angle will reduce the edge strength and easily cause edge damage. The value ranges from -8° to +15°. The general principle of front Angle selection is: the size of the front Angle and the cutting tool cutting part of the material, processed materials, working conditions are related. When the cutting tool cutting part of the material is brittle and low strength, the front Angle should be small. When the workpiece material strength and hardness are low, a larger front Angle can be selected. In heavy cutting and impact conditions, the rake Angle can only be small and sometimes even negative. Generally, under the condition of ensuring the cutting edge strength of the tool, large rake Angle should be selected as far as possible. Such as hard alloy turning tool processing steel material rake Angle value can be 5°-15°.

2. Rear Angle

The Angle between the main rear cutter face and the cutting plane. Its function is to reduce the friction between the cutter surface and the workpiece. It also affects the strength and sharpness of the cutting edge as well as the front Angle. The selection principle is similar to the front Angle, which is generally 2 to 8°.

3. The main Angle

The Angle between the main cutting edge and the feed direction. Its effect is reflected in affecting the cutting edge working length, resistance, tip strength and heat dissipation conditions. The smaller the main deflection Angle, the greater the knife resistance, the longer the cutting edge working length, the better the heat dissipation conditions.

The selection principle is: workpiece coarse rigidity good, desirable small value; In order to reduce radial cutting resistance and avoid workpiece bending, a larger value should be selected. Usually between 15° and 90°.

4. Side Angle

Angle between auxiliary cutting edge and opposite direction of feed. Its function is to affect the roughness of the machined surface, reducing the offset Angle can make the machined surface smooth. The selection principle is: when finishing, in order to improve the quality of the processed surface, a smaller value should be selected, generally 5 to 10°.

5. The insert Angle

Angle between the main cutting edge and the base surface. The main effect is to affect the chip flow direction and the strength of the tip. When the main cutting edge is parallel to the bottom of the hilt, the Angle of the cutting edge is equal to 0, and chips flow out in the direction perpendicular to the main cutting edge. When the tip is the lowest point of the cutting edge, the edge inclination is negative and chip flows to the machined surface. When the tip is the highest point of the main cutting edge, the edge Angle is positive and the chip flows to the surface to be machined. General edge inclination Angle Angle of the edge is -5° to +10°. When finishing, in order to avoid chips scratching the machined surface, it should be positive or zero. When roughing or cutting hard materials, it can be negative in order to improve the strength of the cutter head